Introduction Background of the Study - Free Essay Example

Good corporate governance is the key for the business organization success. Corporate governance explained the rules of governing: board structure, managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and boardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ incentive compensation, decision right by the board and the CEO, succession of the board and CEO, shareholder voting, debt/equity finance, disclosure concerning takeover and etc. Thus, the corporate governance can be defined as a set how the institutional arrange and effect the corporate decision making (Ball, 1998). Due to the poor corporate governance, the Asian 1997/98 crisis has affected many companies including the Government Link Companies (GLC) around the region because of the poor corporate governance practices which reflected the corporate decision making. Previous researchers have found poor corporate governance consists of over-leveraging (Fraser, D.R, C.Derasid, 2006); lacks of accountability, transparency and financial disclosure (Mitton, 2002) have influences to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure. Furthermore, in the United States, many latest financial reporting scandals have been caused by the poor corporate governance which has oversight during the financial reporting process (Agrawal Chadha, 2005). Most of the corporate governance failures cases recorded in Malaysia are related to billing scheme fraud, financial statement fraud, employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fraud and misappropriation of assets (Haron, 2006). Economic crime actual statistic 2007 showed Asset misappropriation (36%), Corruption and bribery (24%), Accounting Fraud (15%), Money Laundering (5%), IP infringement (9%) and others (7%) cases ( PwC Alert Issue No.72, 2007). Thus, based on the PwC Alert statistic explained that the poor corporate governance caused for the economic crime. This statistical information has motivates this study to examine further the impact on the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast which influence by the corporate governance. 2.0 Problem Statement Accuracy of the analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast depends on many factors that derive to achieve the accuracy of earning. Analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are the information available in the capital market that links the financial and non-financial information to estimate the earnings (Schipper, 1991). The accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast also linkages to the corporate governance. Previous study shows better corporate governance tends to issue more specific accuracy of the analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Ajinkya, Bhoraj, Sengupta, 2005). Byard and Weintrop (2006) find better corporate governance firm contribute to better analyst forecast. The prior studies show the relationship between the corporate governance has influence the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. There are underlying theories such as agency cost where describe the problem between the principal and agent which the accounting asymmetric information exits between the parties. In this study , the researchers believe corporate governance is to reduce information asymmetric. This study chooses the agency theory because ownership structure is use as one of the control variable where the researcher believes the selected companies will have separation between ownership and management which will cause to agency problem. Previous study find managers have more on long term interest rather than the interest of shareholder (Winter, 1999). The problem arises between the manager and shareholder affected the positive role of corporate governance practised in the company. Furthermore, the revised of Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) in October 2007 has enhanced the corporate governance practised in the several aspects. The changes in MCCG have motivated this study to find the influence of MCCG before the revised and after the revised toward the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast in public listed companies. This study will examine the factors of corporate governance that influence the dispersion and error of accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Thus, the problem statement for this study is to examine the dispersion and error of accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast influence by the corporate governance structure. 2.1 Research Questions 1. What is the effect of corporate governance to the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast? 2. How the corporate governance factors influence the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast? 3. What are the effects of MCCG revised toward the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast? 2.2 Research Objectives Corporate governance reduces the accounting information asymmetric between a company and investors. 2. Board of director efficient role in corporate governance influence the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 3. The revised MCCG do enhance the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 3.0 Significance of the Study. The accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast is an important key to enhance the investors confident. The confident levels of investors are depending on the market demand of an organisation which measure by using the available informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in the public to forecast the company performance. This study will use corporate governance variables such as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Duality Structure, the independent of the Board, The size of the Board and The Governance Role of Audit Committees. Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast will act as a proxy for the quality of the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ efficiency and effectiveness to achieve the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Furthermore, to relate between the analystà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s forecast accuracy and firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ governance, this study includes two set of control variable such as firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ownership structure and forecast horizon that affects the analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ „ ¢ forecast accuracy (Byard, Li, Wintrop, 2006). Previous study finds that poor corporate governance tends to reduce the confident level of investors (Noordin, 1999). Prior researchers find poor corporate governance leads to mistake in reporting the financial progress (Agrawal Chadha, 2005). Based in many empirical studies, this study will contribute to enhance the investor confident level and identifies which corporate governance variables are contributes and influence to achieve the accuracy of forecast analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Furthermore, the revised in Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance in 2007 will impact to the company existing corporate governance. Thus, this study will examine the effect of prior and after effects on corporate governance to the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 4.0 Literature Review Corporate governance can be defined as a set on how the institutional arrangement can affect the corporate decision making (Ball, 1998). Corporate governance describes the rules of governing: board structure, managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and boardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ incentive compensation, right decision made by the board and the CEO, succession of the board and CEO, shareholder voting, debt/equity finance, disclosure concerning takeover and etc (Verhoven, 1998). While another researcher define corporate governance as whole control systems where a company is directed and controlled with the basic focus toward the role of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“governorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the company which is the board of directors (Haron, 2006). The corporate governance will determine how well the organization performance and contribute for good decision making when confronted with the uncertainty issues. The current uncertainty economics condition has weakened many companies around the world because of poor corporate governance. The 1997/98 Asian financial crisis has revealed that lack of corporate governance practices in Malaysia has contributed to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure during the crisis (Wahab, C.Y.How, Verhoeven, 2007). Poor corporate governance leads to mistake in reporting the financial progress (Agrawal Chadha, 2005). Poor corporate governance that identify by previous researchers are such as over-leveraging (Fraser, D.R, C.Derasid, 2006); lack of accountability, transparency and financial disclosure (Mitton, 2002) has influence to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure. Other researchers find during the crisis, variables under the corporate governance are the most explained proportion of the excha nge rate variation, performance of stock market and the other economic variables (Johnson, Boone, Breach, Friedman, 2000). Based on the previous studies, this study is interested to explore about the corporate governance effects on the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast in public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia. The previous researchers find better corporate governance firm contribute to better accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast ( (Byard, Li, Weintrop, 2006). Factors that influencing the good corporate governance are: (i) quality board of directors, (ii) quality audit committee, (iii) effective internal audit function, (iv) quality internal control system in place and (v) independent external auditors (Haron, 2006). In this study, the researcher will examine the corporate governance variables such as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Duality Structure, the independent of the Board, The size of the Board and The Independent Director of Audit Committees. Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast will act as a proxy for quality of the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ efficiency and effectiv eness to achieve the accuracy of the analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Furthermore, to relate between the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast and firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ corporate governance, this study includes two set of control variable such as firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ownership structure and forecast horizon that affects the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Byard, Li, Wintrop, 2006). 4.1 Corporate Governance 4.1.1 The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? exists when an organization has the person hold the CEO position and at the same time is a chairman of Board of Director in the company. The duality or multiple positions such as chairman and board of director are common practiced among the listed firm in Malaysia (Haron, 2006). Previous researchers find company CEOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that acting dual role do have lesser shareholder return (Rechner D.R.Dalton, 1989). However, other researchers find the duality role of a CEO can lead to positive relationship to performance under certain industry condition such as resource scarcity or high complexity and the effect on other economic conditions is negative (Donaldson, 1991). This mean the duality role has negative relationship with the return except under the condition of resources scarcity or high complexity. Another study also finds the presence of CEO Duality in organization has significantly negative relationship with the accuracy of analysts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Byrad, Li, Weintrop, 2006). 4.1.2 The Independent Board of Directors Independent Board of Director who is does not hold any executive position in the organization. The independent directors are responsible to make independent judgments in strategy, performance, resources, key appointment and etc. Thus, the independent board of directors must free from any relationship with the management that will bias during the judgment exercise. Previous study shows, majority number of independent board of director during the tenders offered to biddersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ results zero stock price return (Byrd Hickman., 1992). While the bidders without the independent board suffer statistically loses on 1.8 percent on average (Leng Chang, 2004). Previous study also find the relationship between the proportion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“inside directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and bidder stock price return is significantly negative (You, R. Caves, Henry, 1986). The finding shows that organization that have more independent directors tend to be more profitable compare to the organizatio n that has lesser independent directors. Furthermore, the additional of outside directors has pushed the stock price increase on average by 0.2 percent (Rosenstein Wyatt, 1990). The independent board of director has significantly positive relationship with the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Byrad, Li, Weintrop, 2006) 4.1.3 Board of Director Size. Board director size is referring to the total number of director exist in the organization. Previous researcher used the agency theory and assumed that larger board will consists of various education background, industrial background, and also skills (Haron, 2006). The quality of an organization to monitor and decision making are depending on the board of directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ size which will determine the organization performance. Thus, what size whether large or small board of directors? The previous study find the board of directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ size should be small because small size will lead the board function effectively (Smale, Patricoft, D.Marcus, D.W.Johnson, 1995). However, the size of the organization also determines the size of the boards: larger the company has larger the number of boards. The consequences of larger board of directors are reduce the ability of board to control CEO (Lipton J.Lorsh, 1992) and slower the decision making (Kole K.Lehn, 1997). P rior studies also do not specified recommended the number of directors but the companies should allow the active boards which have ability to make effective decision and performing their function. 4.1.4 The Independent Director of Audit Committees Audit committee is a committee formally appointed by full board and responsible to consider and report on matters comprised of financial reporting and governance procedures and the organization audit and other matters which referred by the board (Kulansingam, 2002). Several study find presence of an audit committee is associated with lesser incidences of error in financial reporting. For example, previous researcher find organization that has audit committee would likely more reliable financial reporting such as absence of material errors, irregularities and illegal act (Kulansingam, 2002). Klein ( 2002) finds negative relationship between the audit committee and management earning. However, previous study found that more independent audit committee does not improve the quality of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast accuracy (Byrad, Li, Weintrop, 2006). 4.2 Control Variables 4.2.1 Ownership Structure Ownership structure is also known as Board of director ownership where it works as direct incentives to the manager who has the favour to act like the shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interest. (Weishbach, 1988). The ownership structure is one of the major corporate governance mechanisms that help to monitor the agency problem (Jensen Meckling, 1976). Control the agency problem in organization able to enhance the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wealth (McConnell Servaes, 1990). Another researcher find that reduce of agency problem is link to the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Hope, 2003). Thus, ownership structures where the top manager holds the more percentage of stocks are likely to make decision to maximizing the shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wealth. 4.2.2 Forecast Horizon Based on the previous studies, firm characteristic was included as a control variable to determinant of the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Forecast horizon is an important element to obtain the accuracy outcome of information. The different duration of forecast period can result different result and assumption. For example, previous study that the shorten forecast horizon tend to result less biased and less extreme (Capstaff, Paudyal, Rees, 1995). This mean the longer the forecast horizon is more exposure to more biased and more extreme. The shorten and longer horizon are depending on the analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ reputation which the longer horizon required more information compare to shorten horizon forecast because the more longer the analysts mean more information available which will affect the analysts credibility. 4.3 Accuracy of Analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Forecast 4.3.1 Dispersion Dispersion occurred when the disagreement among the analyst with the regard to expected Earnings per share (EPS) of a given form (Athanassakos Kalimipalli, 2003). Previous study finds that accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast has negative relationship with dispersion (Imhoff G. J. Lobo, 1992). To overcome this problem, previous researcher finds that availability of information will enhance the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast and reduce the degree of dispersion (Kwon, 2002). Hence, this study will use dispersion result to determine the accuracy earning which influence by corporate governance factors. 4.3.2 Error Forecast error is the difference between the actual or real and the predicted or forecast value of a time series or any other phenomenon of interest. Abarbanell and Bernard (1992) find that errors are positively related to the prior earnings change. The available information is important to obtained forecast accuracy. Ball and Brawn (1968) find that accounting information is use to predict the earning price. Kim and Verrecchia (1991) find the positive relationship between share-price response and the accuracy of management forecasts. While another study find negative relationship between the share-price and management forecasts errors (Laurent, 2000). Based on previous studies, this study will use corporate governance factors to influence the forecast error and determining the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 5.0 Conceptual Framework Hypotheses Development. Independent Variable Dependent Variable ACCURACY OF ANALYSTSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ FORECAST CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The independent of the Board 1. Dispersion The size of the Board 2. Error The CEO Duality Structure The Independent of Audit Committee Ownership Structure ii. Forecast Horizon Control Variables Four hypotheses are develops in this study: H1 relates to the link between the independent of Board and accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. H2 relates to the link between the size of Board and accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. H3 relates to the link between the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? structure and accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. H4 relates to link between the independent of Audit Committee and accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 5.1 The independent of Board and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Independent Board of Director who is does not hold any executive position in the organization. Core, Holthausen Larker (1999) specify that fewer independent of Board of director cause to poor monitoring. The independent board of director has significantly positive relationship with the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Byrad, Li, Weintrop, 2006). H1: Higher number of independent of board is associated with higher accuracy of analysts forecast. 5.2 Size of Board and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Board director size is referring to the total number of director exist in the organization. Previous researcher used the agency theory and assumed that larger board will consists of various education background, industrial background, and also skills (Haron, 2006). Based on Yermack (1996) larger board reduce the board effectiveness. The previous study find the board of directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ size should be small because small size will lead the board function effectively (Smale, Patricoft, D.Marcus, D.W.Johnson, 1995). H2: Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast has negatively associated with the Size of board. 5.3 The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Structure and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? exists when an organization has the person hold the CEO position and at the same time is a chairman of Board of Director in the company. The duality or multiple positions such as chairman and board of director are common practiced among the listed firm in Malaysia (Haron, 2006). Prior studies argue find that present of CEO Duality in an organization is reflecting to poor governance (Jensen, 1993; Yermack, 1996). Previous researchers find company CEOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that acting dual role do have lesser shareholder return (Rechner D.R.Dalton, 1989) H3: Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast has negatively associated to CEO Duality. 5.4 Independent of Audit Committee and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast Audit committee is a committee formally appointed by full board and responsible to consider and report on matters comprised of financial reporting and governance procedures and the organization audit and other matters which referred by the board (Kulansingam, 2002). Several study find presence of an audit committee is associated with lesser incidences of error in financial reporting. Klein (2002b) finds that less independent of audit committee cause decreases in earning management. H4: Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast has positively associated with Independent of Audit Committee. 6. Research Methodology 6.1 Sample Selection To pursue this study, firstly the researcher has to select 100 companies which are listed in Bursa Malaysia. The selection of companies is base on random sampling. The researcher will use fully the secondary data in this study. The information sources will basically from the Company Annual Report and Institutional Broker Estimate System (IBES) consist of year 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. This study uses information from year 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 because the MCCG start revised on 2007. So, this study will examine the effect of corporate governance before revised and after revised. The Annual Report of the selected companies can be obtained from the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s website from internet. IBES provides data to calculate analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast accuracy which can be obtained from DataStream System and the system is available in Management School, University Sains Malaysia. Based on the information, this study will compare the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast between year 2006 to 2007, 2006 to 2008 and 2006 to 2009. This study will use 2006 as the final year of before revised and compare it with the 2007, 2008 and 2009 which are after revised. The implementation of revised corporate governance is mandated to all public listed companies. Thus, this study will examine the effect of the corporate governance before the revised on 2006 and the revised on 2007 until 2009 to the Malaysian Public Listed Companies. Furthermore, this study will examine the different between the actual earning and forecast earning. This will identify the dispersion and error between the actual and forecast earnings. 6.2 Measure the forecast Accuracy To measure the accuracy, this study follows the previous study done by Duru and Reeb (2002). For each firm-year 2006 to 2009, this study will estimate the ACCURACY as the total different between the IBES consent forecast of annual earnings (made 9 months before the earnings announcement date) and the actual annual earnings which reported by IBES. ACCURACY = (-1) (FCAST-ACTUAL) PRICE Where ACTUAL is the actual annual earnings which reported by IBES; FCAST is the consent analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast made nine months before the end of the fiscal year; and PRICE is the closing stock price one day before the consent analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 6.3 Measure of Corporate Governance This study will use Annual Report of the selected companies to obtain the corporate governance information. This study will look into four (4) dimensions under the corporate governance factors; the independent of the Board, the size of the Board, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? structure and the independent of Audit Committee. Based on the information, this study will estimate four (4) proxies for a company. This study will use EVIEWS software to analyse the descriptive, univariate and multivariate regression. 6.4 Control Variables When estimating the relationship between the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast and the corporate governance, this study include two sets of control variables. The first control variable is ownership structure and second control variable is forecast horizons that affect the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Since this study measure four (4) proxies for corporate governance at the end of prior year, this study will also measure the ownership structure and forecast horizon at the same time. At the end current year, which is the same time this study measure accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 7.0 Expected Findings This study expected the corporate governance will influence the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast in selected to Malaysian public listed companies. This result will consistent to previous study finds that better corporate governance tends to issue more specific accuracy of the analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Ajinkya, Bhoraj, Sengupta, 2005). Byard and Weintrop (2006) find better corporate governance firm contribute to better analyst forecast. To examine the affect on the corporate governance, this study examines few dimensions under corporate governance which effect the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. This study expected the hypotheses conducted under study will result consistent with the previous result. 7.1 Relationship between the independent of Board and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast This study expects the findings will shows the independent of board has positively associated with the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. Then, this finding is consistent with previous study; the independent board of director has significantly positive relationship with the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Byrad, Li, Weintrop, 2006). This outcome will show the situation of selected companies whether the corporate governance practise in the companies contribute to achieve accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. 7.2 Relation between the Size of Board and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. This study expects the findings will shows the size of board has negatively associated with accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. This is consistent with previous study by Yermack (1996) find larger board reduce the board effectiveness. The size of the recommended board is not discover by previous researcher, however, the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast which measures under dispersion and error will determine the appropriate size for the selected companies. 7.3 Relationship between the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CEO Dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Structure and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast This study expects the finding will shows the CEO Duality has negatively associated with the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. This is consistent with previous study that finds the presence of CEO Duality in organization has significantly negative relationship with the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast (Byrad, Li, Weintrop, 2006). Most of the Malaysian companies exist the present of CEO Duality structure. Thus, this dimension will clarify how the selected companies practice their corporate governance in the companies. 7.4 Relationship between the Independent of Audit Committee and Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. This study expects the findings will shows the Independent of audit committee has positively associated with the Accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast. This is consistent with the previous study by Klein (2002b) finds that less independent of audit committee cause decreases in earning management. Thus, the result of this finding will provide the effect of independent audit committee role in the selected companies contribute toward the accuracy of analystsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast.

Writing an Eugenics Medicine Essay

Writing an Eugenics Medicine EssayEugenics medicine essays can be found in several ways, including the web, libraries, and other specialty stores. However, it may not be necessary to purchase an essay. You can write your own eugenics medicine essay with a little help from the right resources. Here are a few tips for the writer.A eugenics medicine essay is written based on a topic. Topics may include about genealogy, ecology, public health, and genetics. The topics to be addressed are broad enough to accommodate many variations. For example, one eugenics essay might be 'Dysgenics - A History.' There could be differences in chapter length, topic, and even degree of detail, depending on the author's discretion. This makes each essay unique.There are many things to consider in writing a eugenics medicine essay. The reader will be able to tell that you are an expert if you have consulted the subject matter in your expertise. Writing a eugenics essay means writing about the subject from al l sides. Since the topic is controversial, it should make readers uncomfortable and think about the ethics behind the topic. For instance, many believe in the idea of selective breeding, yet others believe in eugenics because of its more general approach. It should be easy to incorporate some of both views.Your eugenics medicine essay should present the information to make the reader think about the subject matter. This will come through in your writing and also in the type of content you provide. More importantly, though, a well written eugenics essay will make the topic sound interesting. Many people don't like to read because they are bored of the topic. When you add interesting points to the conversation, though, the reader will get engrossed and they may want to see more.Different topics should have different topics. In addition to genetics, another great area to write about is epidemiology. Epidemiology involves studying the effects of diseases in different populations. The re search can be used in research studies, public health, and in medicine.Another part of writing a eugenics medicine essay is coming up with ideas. If you want to write about something that deals with the social stigma of people with disabilities, for example, you can use the terminology 'immorality'degeneracy' instead of 'morbidity.' You may want to include statistics on the disability rate of people with certain diseases or disabilities. By adding numbers, you give the reader something tangible to keep reading. You can even make a discussion on the statistics of the disability rate or about how people view people with disabilities.While the eugenics medicine essay is written about the topic, it should be less abstract. Don't come across as coming from a position of knowledge. To better illustrate what the topic is about, use stories. You can use other people to bring to life the theory of eugenics and its history.Writing a eugenics medicine essay is a fine art. You should spend time researching the topic. This will also prepare you for writing other literature. Writing medical research papers, for example, requires having knowledge of basic science and eugenics literature.

The Unexposed Secret of Research Papers on Escobaria Sneedii

The Unexposed Secret of Research Papers on Escobaria Sneedii Note there are a few methods to utilize the term pale skinned person'' in regard to plants. A reasonable examination ought to be run at the location of death. Any important proof should be gathered from the scene. Continue perusing for help finding the total paper. Picking Good Research Papers on Escobaria Sneedii It is a smart thought to create the theoretical page after the paper was finished. Spot Works Cited at the exceptionally top of the absolute first new page after the last page of your paper or end notes. It's an open access diary which implies your paper is accessible to anyone on earth to download for nothing legitimately from the Dove webpage. 1 structure is the on-line likeness the customary paper diary. Be sure to note which bits of data in your paper are cited or drawn from each source. Indeed, even with all the above looking through techniques, you probably won't have the option to find a thoroughly free duplicate of the paper on the web. Paper duplicates of chosen data will distinctly be required. In the event that there's a debate, another peruser may be appointed. Before choosing the creator request, it's imperative to know the possibility of an absolute first and a relating creator. It may not appear as though it, however essentially choosing a point is testing enough. So as to forestall any origin debate, it's a magnificent practice to go over initiation and the request for creators toward the beginning of the task itself, and keep up a record of all of the donors required all through the endeavor. How to Get Started with Research Papers on Escobaria Sneedii? Select a Topic That You Are Interested in Learning Abou t When you select your examination paper, be sure that you pick a point that it is conceivable to live with for two or three weeks. Articles will in general be specialized, speaking to the latest hypothetical research and test impacts in the territory of science secured by the diary. In a couple of nations, for example, Sweden, or in certain controls, similar to technical disciplines, doing a lot of papers instead of an enormous book' is a normal way to deal with secure your PhD. On the off chance that a postulation isn't finished or endorsed, the enlistment for Honors Thesis must be dropped and could be supplanted through an Independent Study in the specific division. Indeed yet you need to get consent. See our publication arrangements for more data. See our article approaches for extra data on assent for distribution. In such conditions, there are extra ways to deal with discover the paper at no or negligible cost. Despite the fact that the immense larger part of logical yield and scholarly archives are made in created countries, the pace of development in these sorts of nations has balanced out and is essentially more reduced than the development rate in some of the creating nations. While analysts keep on being uncertain about the wellspring of SIDS, there isn't any approach to anticipate or stop it. A few repeating hazard factors are found while attempting to discover the explanation for death happening in SIDS. SIDS cases are contemplated and there have been numerous similitudes found, yet nothing focuses at a prompt reason. These variables are discovered comparative in a ton of cases, however aren't noteworthy reasons for SIDS. To finish up, SIDS is an incredibly terrifying thing. Things You Won't Like About Research Papers on Escobaria Sneedii and Things You Will CLV articulation is more diligently to foresee. Trial blunder could represent just a little piece of the inconstancy. Then again in the occasion the cyanobacteria don't have qualities for poison creation they can't make a specific poison. So How About Research Papers on Escobaria Sneedii? Escobaria vivipara is only one of these desert flora. Ferocactus are among the least demanding desert plants to develop and develop. Plants develop independently or in little bunches. Some of the desert flora in Tables 13 are effectively reachable from business nurseries and should be valuable examination material.

Orange Is the New Black Essay Topics

<h1>Orange Is the New Black Essay Topics</h1><p>Are you searching for expositions for the new TV show Orange is the New Black? You will discover a lot of themes about the arrangement online just as related book and magazine articles. Much the same as the first books, these articles ought to be unique and remain all alone. This implies you ought not appropriate from other writers' works, yet you can take a subject and alter it to fit the TV appear and clarify why it works well.</p><p></p><p>When expounding on the TV appear, you ought to think about your crowd. As a devotee of the show, you may not be keen on themes that were not already mainstream recorded as a hard copy for a comparable show. Along these lines, in the event that you are inquiring about themes for a contemporary fiction book, you should avoid the Internet and blogosphere. Maintain your emphasis on recent developments, patterns and points well known in the present. Or on the ot her hand, utilize your insight into recent developments, patterns and recent developments as the reason for your Orange is the New Black article topics.</p><p></p><p>If you have quite recently begun expounding on the show, you may discover a few points for your Orange is the New Black paper themes excessively troublesome. In any case, you ought not stress since you can generally download topics and look at them before composing your article. Numerous well known online journals have topics posted as sound documents or video records. You should basically tune in to the entire thing and expound on it from beginning to end. This is regularly better than attempting to tune in to the fragment you need to concentrate on or composing a succession of sentences that you expectation will really make sense.</p><p></p><p>Orange is the New Black article points likewise differ starting with one book then onto the next. The scholars of the show will f requently reconsider or alter areas of the story so they fit into the class of the first books. For instance, when Lauren Lapkus wrote the book, Red, Brown and Black, it was her plan to put Rachel Green and her flat mate, Cindy, ina jail. Despite the fact that there is a reference to this in the main book, it didn't bode well until the subsequent book came out.</p><p></p><p>In the TV program, Piper Kerman expounds on her encounters as a detainee of a ladies' jail, however in the principal book, Britney Spears expounds on being a youngster in child care. In the two books, the young ladies are detained. In any case, in Orange is the New Black, Piper expounds on what it resembled to be a jail detainee and what the experience intended to her. In like manner, Britney expounded on her considerations and emotions about living in child care. The characters are practical, however they likewise epitomize attributes of individuals today.</p><p></p>< p>In differentiate, Britney Spears adopts the contrary strategy. She doesn't expound on the hardships she looked as an encourage kid, yet about its positive parts. From multiple points of view, Britney Spears makes her very own fictionalized record life, yet her books have never been made into films or TV shows.</p><p></p><p>Of course, article themes for Orange is the New Black incorporates subjects that have to do with character improvement. These are subjects you will presumably need to maintain a strategic distance from, since a great many people don't see the purpose of them. In any case, there are a lot more that intrigue to individuals who are searching for unique experiences about the genuine behind the TV appear. These points may include:</p><p></p><p>Having these themes available to you will assist you with causing your psyche to up about which ones you need to remember for your article. To put it plainly, you can tailor yo ur Orange is the New Black paper points to be the subjects that intrigue to you the most.</p>

How to Write an Essay on How You View Your Writing Skills

<h1>How to Write an Essay on How You View Your Writing Skills</h1><p>So you need to realize how to compose an article on how you see your composing aptitudes as of right now. The initial step is to ensure that you are giving yourself a fair appraisal of where you stand and on the off chance that you are doing the composition for benefit or personal development purposes.</p><p></p><p>Then start with a legit evaluation of what you have accomplished, the uplifting disposition that you believe you have and how you trust you will keep on advancing as an author. This is the manner by which you can choose if you are going to handle this assignment with certainty or not.</p><p></p><p>Writing a paper isn't simple. Nobody can foresee what they are going to state. It's significant that you require some investment to get all that you need before plunking down to write.</p><p></p><p>Essays don't need to be g reat. Simply compose what you need to state and permit it to justify itself, this will likewise assist you with developing the language aptitudes that are expected to promote your composing ability.</p><p></p><p>It's additionally acceptable to have a decent arrangement of word references and sentence structure books close by. Most educators will be glad to see that you set aside the effort to peruse your article before composing it and for you to set aside some effort to clean it up.</p><p></p><p>How to compose a paper on how you see your composing aptitudes as of right now is an ability that is created after some time. In the event that you are composing on something that you have not utilized previously or on a point that you need more involvement with, it is ideal to work gradually and gradually.</p><p></p><p>Once you have something composed that you can put your own words to, you can move onto another theme. Try not to get too stirred up with regards to composing your essay.</p>

How to Write an Essay About Yourself

<h1>How to Write an Essay About Yourself</h1><p>Whether you're composing a life story, educating, or a proper scholarly article, the subject of how to compose a proposal explanation is commonly a decent one. The purpose behind this is there are a few sections to a theory explanation, and you need to recollect them all. On the off chance that you overlook a section, you may find that your paper is in a difficult situation. Here are a few hints on the most proficient method to compose a postulation statement:</p><p></p><p>The first inquiry 'how to compose a proposition articulation' is about the subject of your paper. By this, I mean whether you will expound on yourself or your instructor, the subject of your paper, or something different entirely.</p><p></p><p>There are a few different ways to ensure you maintain a strategic distance from points that could be hard to discuss on an article about yourself. One is to choos e the subject toward the start of the paper - a point you have a strong handle of and know which parts of it are important.</p><p></p><p>The second piece of the inquiry 'how to compose a proposal explanation' is whether you will talk about the topic of your proposition (or all the more by and large, your book). Considering this, you have to choose whether you need to compose a history-based paper or an advanced exposition on a similar subject. That is everything to it!</p><p></p><p>The third piece of the inquiry 'how to compose a theory proclamation' is whether you will do the examination yourself or depend on another person's work. In the event that you will expound on yourself, at that point your proposition proclamation is a significant document.</p><p></p><p>You might be enticed to incorporate subtleties of what your identity is or remember your instructor's name for your composition. This will positively se em to be an individual methodology, however in actuality this has neither rhyme nor reason in case you will compose a paper about yourself. Remember that you can't have it the two different ways. Possibly you have to give significant data about yourself, or you have to utilize a progressively singular methodology. However, ensure you compose a proposition articulation in this way.</p>

Cool History Research Paper Topics For the Roman Empire

<h1>Cool History Research Paper Topics For the Roman Empire</h1><p>If you are searching for cool history inquire about paper points for the Roman Empire, you have gone to the ideal spot. The Roman Empire was one of the most significant domains of the old world. Actually, the realm went on for more than 2,000 years.</p><p></p><p>Nowhere is this more obvious than in the region of writing and workmanship. A large portion of the major abstract works of the time are written in Latin. The Romans were experts of association, so they had the option to deliver stupendous structures like the Colosseum and the Olympic Games.</p><p></p><p>Their workmanship is exceptionally beautiful, and for a long time it was just a little piece of the craftsmanship in Europe. A large portion of what we consider as European craftsmanship was really impacted by Roman specialists. At a certain point, the papyri of compositions that existed in the o ld world were accepted to be written in Greek or even Latin. That has changed, nonetheless, with new archeological discoveries.</p><p></p><p>There are many cool history investigate paper subjects for the Roman Empire. For instance, they created extraordinary artists, for example, Terence and Vibius. Their legislature was astoundingly socialized, and it created sculptures that remain today as the absolute best in the world.</p><p></p><p>There are other fun pieces of the Roman Empire, that you can take a gander at for your exploration papers. One of the most acclaimed Greek sculptures of the day is the sculpture of the Bacchus. This sculpture is housed in the Vatican Museums. It is the Roman adaptation of the Statue of Liberty.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous old reports that were found with the papyri. These archives can be a significant piece of any alumni course in the antiquated world. The vast majority of the se reports are written in Latin. On the off chance that you discover this sort of composing charming, you might need to utilize these antiquated archives in your examination papers.</p><p></p><p>When it goes to the Roman sovereigns, they were as a rule savage. They executed their adversaries by hurling them from high structures, utilizing spiked clubs to curb individuals, etc. In any case, from multiple points of view, the rulers of the time were substantially more compassionate than we are today.</p><p></p><p>The Roman rulers required an enormous armed force, however it likewise necessitated that they train this military. Their military was the best in the antiquated world. So in the event that you are searching for something that will get your understudies contemplating the previous, chronicled composing can be an intriguing method to go.</p>

Document Based Essay Sample - Finding A Good One

Document Based Essay Sample - Finding A Good OneIf you are looking for a document based essay sample, you can get many in all the different ways. In this article I will discuss the best methods to pick out an essay that is most suitable for your needs.The first method to use when looking for an essay that is great for you is to read it and analyze it. You can do this by reading through the essay carefully. Pay attention to each paragraph and figure out if you understand what is going on in each paragraph.You will also want to pay attention to the specific points that are being made throughout the essay. There are often some very specific things being said that you will not understand. This is one of the reasons why I always recommend that you read the document through carefully to make sure that you understand what is being said.You should also look at the grammar and spelling of the essay. Many people will compare the grammar of an essay they have not read with the essay that they r ead. This will help you determine if you want to read that essay or not. You should also pay attention to the spelling and make sure that you do not see any mistakes.Another way to go about checking the essay for the right one for you is to look for an essay that has a reputation for being good. This is a simple way to tell that the essay will be of good quality. If you find an essay that has a reputation for being good, you may want to do the same thing as you would to find a good essay.Once you have looked at the sentence structure and the grammar you can begin to decide which essays you would like to read. The best thing to do is to get a list of essay samples from an online source. This will help you narrow down your search.Once you have the essay samples that you want to look at, you can begin to make your decision. Remember that the Internet is full of advertisements and you should make sure that you read the guidelines carefully before making a decision.Take some time to look over the essay sample carefully and read the guidelines that are provided. You can also use the recommendations of others when you are making your decision.

Essay Topic Tips - Why Are You Interested in Writing an Essay

<h1>Essay Topic Tips - Why Are You Interested in Writing an Essay</h1><p>This article will give you a few hints on composing an exposition on a thousand and one evenings. It's anything but a simple undertaking since you need to think and work things out while you are really dozing. In this way, you should devise an arrangement, just as some primary thoughts that will inspire you to experience the essay.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous extraordinary thoughts in a thousand and one evenings for composing your exposition. Nonetheless, the main thing that you have to do is thought of your goals in any case. You have to think of the reason for doing it. The purpose for composing the article, so you have to think of an unmistakable target first.</p><p></p><p>Once you have distinguished the theme, the following thing that you have to do is concocted the various points that you can use in your paper. This should be possible by considering different subjects that you can consider to respond to the topic of for what reason would you say you were keen on composing this exposition? When you have these subjects, at that point the time has come to concoct the various thoughts that you need to remember for your essay.</p><p></p><p>Once you have concocted the various topics, the time has come to think of certain focuses or themes that you need to exploit in your exposition. One thing that you should do is consider different points of your subject. When you have assembled all the information that you believe are significant, at that point you should simply think about the other stuff and compose the essay.</p><p></p><p>This may appear to be simple, however in undeniable reality, this is extreme since you need to compose this simultaneously while you are resting. Accordingly, you should think and compose the exposition with the assistance of your brain. When you have achieved this, you should think of the various focuses that you need to make during the article. When you have arrived at the finish of the exposition, at that point you should concoct the end that will truly bode well to you.</p><p></p><p>The last piece of the paper on a thousand and one evenings that is composed will be the end. At the point when you have finished the exposition, it is likewise significant that you unite your paper since it will help you later on. This will likewise be useful in the event that you are going to move on from secondary school or college.</p><p></p><p>Remember that there are many exposition points that you can concoct however there is no compelling reason to consider them when you are resting. No one but you can think of the topic and the various papers that will bode well to you.</p>

Rumors, Deception and Term Paper Assistance

<h1> Rumors, Deception and Term Paper Assistance</h1> <h2> Top Term Paper Assistance Choices</h2> <p>It is conceivable to likewise beware of the trait of the best point for research paper to get the opportunity to comprehend the sort of expert administrations that we're talking about. In any event, when you composed a brilliant school research paper utilizing the insignificant sources, as an approach to locate a superior evaluation you should refer to at any rate multiple times more sources. You may likewise have the option to investigate a couple of composing guides that could take you through every one of the key advances which you should take to develop a superb paper. You may consider utilizing the help of an expert for your paper. </p> <p>For numerous understudies, choosing a theme for a research project could be self-evident. The absolute initial phase in figuring out how to start a research paper is choosing your subject. Should you ev er decide to get an articulation paper you're looking for to be certain you simply set your appearance paper in reliable hands. From a genuine model research project, you're ready to learn numerous basic things. </p> <p>Writing an astounding exploration paper involves loads of things. Without center, papers as a rule don't stream well and are progressively hard to peruse and comprehend. In the event that you might want to make a generally excellent research project we would exhortation that you to get some solid sources like notable books and logical articles. When everything was gotten out, you will get your school exposition paper.</p> <p>Remember that composition and presentation for a paper isn't just fundamental, yet it is going to likewise empower you to give the peruser the kind of data that they require so as to secure the absolute best potential results. Among the hardest regions of composing the science paper is making the alternative of what point to expound on, particularly as apparently science subjects are amazingly like each other. You may find help on your paper's focal contention by someone who's an ace in the territory, and you could likewise find a composing c oach prepared to give a fair-minded study of your paper. Research projects probably won't be your preferred activity yet hello, you must submit them as an approach to keep up your general class execution or score a fabulous evaluation. </p> <p>It's not exactly as simple as composing a paper about your late spring get-away, your relatives, or the past gathering you've been to, since you don't have to do research to make sense of about your own private experience. In front of you buy a timespan paper, you may need to set sure that each one his expectations are thought of. You can end up shuffling numerous assignments and trying to take care of the entirety of the potential issues so you can really make the most of your mid year break. In the occasion you pick participating in separation training, you're gain from an individual not situated in a class close by you. </p> <h2> What Everybody Dislikes About Term Paper Assistance and Why </h2> <p>When you've looked into on a specific point, you're relied upon to utilize a specific reference style. It's very hard to adequately compose a paper without a prevalent diagram. You may buy school article on a particular school exposition theme. At the poi nt when the custom article was finished by the essayist, our editors will check the property of the paper. </p> <p>In case you were composing a paper contingent upon the subject sentence above, for example, you may begin your presentation with two or three sentences depicting the condition of the Catholic Church and the custom of selling extravagances at the ideal time of the Protestant Reformation. A decent two or three sentence postulation explanation is required before they end their presentation. Set forth plainly, it is a sentence that expresses your proposition. The absolute first sentence of your acquaintance has with be in a situation to gracefully a smart thought of what's to come in the review and when you have a frail first sentence it will have an incredibly negative effect on the impression of the rest of the paper for those readers.</p> <p>Every models research paper, at our site, should underline the high level of polished skill our journalists have and to show their capability. There exist a lot of methodologies and techniques for composing research paper, whi ch can help improve your composing abilities and permit you to create an extraordinary research paper. You school papers subject must be identified with your field and must be explicit. Buy in to the diary identified with your picked stream and you'll approach a couple of the brilliant research projects composed by quality academicians. </p>

Format of Writing a DBQ Essay

<h1>Format of Writing a DBQ Essay</h1><p>The configuration of composing a DBQ exposition is somewhat not quite the same as the organization of different sorts of article. One of the principal things that you will see is that you have almost no space to work with. Actually you just have enough space to compose the initial two lines of your article, and any number of sections will be a lot for you to attempt to fit into that space.</p><p></p><p>The DBQ organization of composing a DBQ exposition has been impacted by conventional paper positions. While there are still a few limitations in this arrangement of composing, it is a configuration that works better than conventional expositions due to the enormous space accessible. The conventional paper organization can be hard to fit into even a limited quantity of space.</p><p></p><p>The configuration of composing a DBQ article can be altered, yet probably the greatest change is that you should consider how much space you have. Think about utilizing an open space toward the finish of your paper. In the event that you utilize a space, it tends to be hard to fit the length of your DBQ paper into a customary arrangement. Ensure that you're composing your exposition in a configuration that will give you the most measure of room possible.</p><p></p><p>The third thing to consider is what number of words you ought to compose your DBQ article in. The conventional configuration of composing a DBQ paper is a few hundred and fifty to 200 and fifty words. This is a genuinely standard length for the DBQ organization of composing a DBQ essay.</p><p></p><p>If you are composing a DBQ article in this configuration, it is presumably best to keep a standard measure of words in a long paper. Remember that you need to keep the length of your article in charge in light of the constraints of the customary configuration of composi ng a DBQ paper. A decent general guideline to follow when you are working with this configuration ofwriting a DBQ article is to just keep around 200 and fifty words or less in your essay.</p><p></p><p>The arrangement of composing a DBQ paper can be testing. The best activity when you are working with this arrangement of composing a DBQ article is to utilize the open space toward the finish of your paper to give the room that you need.</p><p></p><p>Finally, the organization of composing a DBQ exposition can be trying to follow. The most ideal approach to keep your paper in charge and keep the DBQ organization of composing a DBQ exposition in control is to ensure that you are working with the open space toward the finish of your essay.</p>

Finding Tok Essay Samples Ib Online

<h1>Finding Tok Essay Samples Ib Online </h1> <h2> The Do's and Don'ts of Tok Essay Samples Ib </h2> <p>You're completely allowed to contrast them and the cost of comparative sites. Regardless, you can peruse the tributes of our customers. On the off chance that you are scanning for one, it is conceivable to discover it on our site as we've made a huge number of TOK writings for individuals all through the world and can gracefully you with unprecedented examples that can grandstand our work together with kick you off with your own. The genuine people profoundly acclaim our exposition help site. </p> <h2> The Argument About Tok Essay Samples Ib</h2> <p>It's easy to get lost and look at the breaking point as the all expositions need to track with a straight blueprint. Just in case you're enthusiastic about what you compose, you will be able to prevail with regards to composing. Your postulation and early on section is truly going to drive the length of your paper. You can depend on the absolute best paper help on the web. </p> <p>You will before long find the official information about us. It gives the essential parameters for the development of publicizing ideas. The structure, along these lines, varies also. This structure is a serious decent, bit by bit strategy you may use on any ToK paper to get rather high marks.</p> <p>We will talk about exactly what data is being looked for in all of these models. Start with an initial section, where you give foundation data notwithstanding clarify the subject and the compass of research especially. That which we accomplish for understudies is give a one-on-one help that empowers you to get a uniquely designed paper, yet additionally to be a piece of the procedure so as to assimilate the material and are good to go to ready and waiting yourself. Look at this issue by utilizing mental and sociological ideas. </p> <h2> Choosing Good Tok Essay Samples Ib </h2> <p>Back before there was a misinterpretation in regards to what social humanities examined. A completely clear understanding of the implications of these huge words in Theory of Knowledge course is significant in the formation of an awesome ToK article. Your insight question should make it workable for various perspectives so you aren't as constrained when building up your ToK a rticle. Since it is basically founded on instincts and presumptions with regards to what an individual's conduct is going to be5, it would then be able to be construed by students of history what will occur later on. </p> <h2> Things You Won't Like About Tok Essay Samples Ib and Things You Will</h2> <p>So it's your commitment to direct research, think, and endeavor to verbalize your contention in the best conceivable manner, and on the off chance that I guide you from the beginning of your composition, I'll lead you to every last one of these means. As you begin composing your presentation, recollect that you own a constraint of 1200 to 1600 words. Obviously, interestingly with the individual proclamation required for school confirmation, here you won't have such huge numbers of comments, as you despite everything don't have such a tremendous beneficial encounter. In case you're truly adhered attempting to find a not very expansive or limited subject, I propo se endeavoring to conceptualize a point that uses an examination. </p> <p>Finding the idea requires consideration! Characterizing information is significant in the knower's quest for information, as one ought to comprehend what one is looking for. Applying the idea requires consideration as well. Anyway this methodology represents an issue in the zone of science since the scientific information is considered to be from the earlier, one which is autonomous of experience. </p> <h2> What You Should Do to Find Out About Tok Essay Samples Ib Before You're Left Behind </h2> <p>Your level should be really high, since the IB program has very huge necessities. Counsel your IB facilitator on the off chance that you don't know whether you're on a specific course of events. Our group of experienced IB scholars are here to help you with all your IB needs. Make sense of how to form into an IB World School, to actualize the DP, and read about the focal points and points of the DP educational program underneath. </p> <p>Since T OK articles are so exceptional, you should be certainly mindful how to make a TOK paper in the event that you should be effective in scholastic composition. At the point when you get TOK article prerequisites, you ought to be certain you should deal with a specific logical paper in the spot of a common scholastic exposition. ToK articles aren't appreciate the standard expositions you are mentioned to compose previously. Composing Metier has the entirety of the fitting stunts under its sleeves when it comes to building the perfect ToK article for you. </p> <p>No, there's no specific word limit in TOK articles. Also, with the help of the TOK exposition control provided by our master essayists, you will be in a situation to support your scholastic execution. On the off chance that you watch the thoughts and procedures gave already will point of fact reduce the act of TOK paper composing. Especially, when you do not understand how to make a TOK paper, the system will be truly testing. </p> <h2> The Debate Over Tok Essay Samples Ib </h2> <p>I just needed to state that I got a 6 on my SL financial aspects test this previous year, and I unequivocally believe that was a result of the entirety of the assistance I got from this site on analyses. We work for some every year. Anyway, you'll surely like our value arrangement. The IB program is very hard and takes a lot of endeavors and time. </p> <p>Every kind of paper conversation needs to get a layout as that is a basic piece of an effectively composed a rticle. Be sure that it is very much idea out, and that you can back up your proposition with a lot of proof as well. The arrangement is, clearly! At that point there's the issue with ineffectively considered realities. </p>

Why Are You Interested in This College Example Essay?

Why Are You Interested in This College Example Essay?If you're a high school student with an interest in a particular college or university and you're wondering why are you interested in this example college essay, then the first step is to make sure that you have a firm grasp of your grades and coursework. In this case, it's important to note that having great grades is not enough; you must also possess excellent writing skills and be able to use them in a way that benefits your intended college or university.Writing is an art and one that is learned and developed over time. A lot of high school students start off by just trying to improve their grammar or punctuation, but often the most important step is actually to improve the quality of the writing itself. To do this, you should write something that you are truly passionate about.Why are you interested in this example college essay if you're not? One of the greatest mistakes that college students often make is that they simply st op caring about what they are doing and instead turn their attention to academics.If you want to get the most out of your education, you need to have strong passions for the things that you are learning. This is why college students who really take pride in their writing and their work often have higher grades. Another reason is that their parents expect them to be 'proficient' at all levels of study, so they must deliver to those expectations.Why are you interested in this example college essay if you're not? In other words, are you even writing it in the first place?Perhaps you're so caught up in your studies that you simply don't have the time to devote to researching or writing or developing your own reason for why you're interested in this example college essay. Youdon't necessarily have to answer this question but, if you feel that you have a strong reason for doing so, then you might as well give it to your teachers or professors.The fact is that, even if you have no idea why you're interested in this example college essay, it is usually a good idea to ask yourself a few questions before you decide to get started. Those questions might include whether you feel that the university or college has a place for you, and whether you like where you're going to be living after graduation.Why are you interested in this example college essay if you're not? When you find yourself asking these questions, the answer should be very obvious; your reasons for writing the essay will likely change over time, but the first thing that you should focus on is making sure that you have a reason to write.

How to Write a Research Paper

How to Write a Research PaperSince so many people would like to write their own research papers, it is important to understand how to write a research paper. The first thing that must be considered is the topic of the paper itself. Since every topic is different, this must be chosen carefully, along with the type of author you want to appear in the paper.Once you know what the main focus of the paper will be, it will be easier to plan what the key points of the paper are going to be. It will be good to have a general idea of how the points in the paper will be based on what the research was supposed to show.There are many different types of subjects that people write about in their papers. These include research topics such as public relations, psychology, history, politics, statistics, and much more. What makes each of these different types of research papers unique is the focus that they have.The writing of research papers takes more time than other types of writing, due to the sub ject matter that is being written about. Many times, the writer will need to take into consideration that other research papers have already been done on this topic, making it much easier for them to understand the topic and its relationship to other topics. There is a reason that these types of research papers can be used in an exam, or other type of research that will be used for a quiz or assignment.Since so many students and professors prefer the written word, there are many resources that can help write research papers, if one has good ideas on how to do it. One can simply use the internet, or access the resources available at the library, for writing a research paper. These resources can help to make the writing process much easier.When writing a research paper, it is always a good idea to be consistent with how the paper will be presented. This means that one needs to write everything from the beginning, and not just pick a topic that is already set up in a way that would fit into the topic. The research paper should always be fresh and original.Another great resource for learning how to write a research paper is from those who have already written one. This allows a person to find out more information on their topic of choice and even learn how to write a research paper from the professionals. Since each of these writers should be considered an expert on their own field, it is easy to see why so many people turn to them for help.A good research paper has many different angles. The key is to make sure that all of the information presented in the paper is applicable to the topic at hand. With so many different types of research papers to choose from, this should not be too difficult.

The Agile Project Management Office Essay - 2078 Words

Project Management Office in an Agile environment 1.0 Introduction : Project Management Office (PMO) and Agile method are highly reputable terms in many organizations, especially in their IT projects. The PMO is a group of people or committee within an organization that is responsible to define and maintain standards and practices for traditional project management. The ultimate objective for the PMO is to gain the benefits that are derived from applying Project Management (PM) methods, practices and policies. Thus, the PMO over time will become the origin for documentation, guidance and metrics regarding to any practices that are involved in managing projects within the organization, as well as it will be the communication channel that†¦show more content†¦In other words, how can PMO and agile live together in an organization? Therefore, the target of this paper is to address the issues and clarify the relationship between the PMO and Agile methodology. 2.0 Issue Details: 2.1 Description: Nowadays, the economy evolves rapidly and levels of competition force companies to adopt new approaches In order to keep up with market changes. Many large and medium scale companies have multiple projects and programs in progress, and they are using PMO as an essential part to apply to project management practices. Over time, many companies with long histories of successful PMO and project management practices may want to accelerate their project performance and adopt Agile as a new approach for their projects. As a result, this change can play an important role to raise different type of problems and difficulties between the existing PMO and Agile development team (Agile developers). According to Visitacion, in her article â€Å"The PMO in an agile world: Can’t we all just get along?† She states that â€Å"Developers want as little process as possible, while PMOs appear to thrive on it. Developers consider PMOs to be bureaucratic impediments to their creativity, while PMOs see developers as undisciplined. Project managers, attempting to satisfy both the development team and the PMO, get caught in the crosshairs. Being at opposite ends of the spectrum creates conflict, and teams are doing little to remove theShow MoreRelatedProyect Management: Agile Project Management and PRINCE Metodology902 Words   |  4 Pagesdictionary (2014), a project can be defined as â€Å"An individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim†. While the Association of Project Management defines a project as â€Å"A unique, transient endeavour, undertaken to achieve planned objectives, which could be defined in terms of outputs, outcomes or benefits.† (Apm, n.d.). Project management can then be defined as the use of certain skills and applications to effectively and efficiently achieve a project goal and improveRead MoreAn Examination Of Project Management Success Factors And Best Practices During Health Integrated Infrastructure1720 Words   |  7 PagesAn examination of project management success factors and best practices during health integrated infrastructure changes. This term paper will identify the necessary factors for project management success when embarking on system implementation changes. 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Co-location Vs Virtual †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 3. Perfect Project Circumstances †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 5. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Introduction Teams are an essentialRead MoreSoftware Developments Projects Bureaucratic Government Environment1410 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper looks at software developments projects in bureaucratic government environment. It will focus mainly on the FBI Sentinel project and its development. It will look at the failures that the project has faced, the size of teams, the project management, and the financials of the project. Lastly, it will take a look at what factors lead to the success of the project. Introduction April 1995, a truck-bomb explosion outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OklahomaRead MoreImplementation Of Project Management Methodology981 Words   |  4 Pages1. 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ProjectRead MoreProject Management Body Of Knowledge Is An American National Standard Institute ( Ansi ) Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesMethodology is a model which the managers employ in the design, implementation and achievement of their project objectives. It contains the guidelines required for managing a project. With the exceptional growth in technology, the present day projects are often large and complex involving a significant risk. So, a Project Management Methodology enables the delivery organization to handle these projects comprehensively, systematically and in an integrated manner, which results in strategic, tactical

Polymer Blend During Solid-State Rheological Property Measurement

Question: Explain and discuss about the case study of Determination of structural changes of dispersed clay platelets in a polymer blend during solid-state rheological property measurement by small-angle X-ray scattering.Polymer? Answer: Introduction Rheology is an important section in physics that deals with several types of deformation properties of a material to understand material properties. In physics Rheology is a crucial segment to control the deformation of different types of materials under stress. The term Rheology refers to the ability to control the properties of materials composition within its limited stress (Hamad, Kaseem and Deri, 2010). It will determine the actual behaviour of the particular material during a mechanical force applied on it. Generally it will deal with materials mechanical properties to make the material appropriate. Different types of polymer belts and blends are based on this segment to process a multi phase polymer process. In fluid dynamics different types of Rheological process are involved to make the material perfect. Generally it has the ability to make a comparison between fluid dynamics and Liquid gasses. Rheology can be used an organic reactor that concern with different types of mat erials along with its properties to make an accurate chemical reaction. On the other hand Polymers are the major effects to develop a materials structure as well as its condition. Different types of nanoparticle are used in a material to make a solid polymer matrix. Generally Nano scale filters and polymer matrix will address the main portion of a material through which it will measure its operational process. Polymer Clay interaction is an important segment in Physics that contains different solution based on molecular fundamental as well as its technological experiments. Generally these types of mixtures are used in Rheological modification to make the process perfect. Different types of molecular activities are involved in polymer matrix to make a proper interaction between Polymer and Clay mixtures. Rheological modification is based on several types of clay coatings as well as different types of colloidal dispersions to make the mixture appropriate. The mixture made between these substances should maintain fluid proportion at a certain limit of concentrations from reversible network. In this chapter the researcher is focusing to evaluate different types of rheological properties with a proper mixture of clay materials. This experiment will measure different types of Laponite. Some materials are used in this experiment to make the mixture perfect. Several types of mixtures are used in this types rheological segment among them Laponite JS, Laponite RDS, Laponite S-482, SL-25 and Laponite EP are perfect to make the mixture appropriate as per its requirements. All the materials are used in this particular experiment are measured in grams. The Rheology measurement can able to perform on several grades with a valid concentration limitation. The limitation range lies between 1-10 % (w/v). The Rheology experiment will perform by two proper combinations. The combination is made by 1 ml of prepared solution and lower geometry of transferring property of the Rheometer. In the output the experimental result can be shared from 0.1-100 S-1 portion using 3 mm geometry at 25 degree (Hadi et,al; 2015) Polymer Matrix along with its composition Different types of Nano Clays are used in polymer matrix to make a proper structural characteristic. Nano Clays involves different types of platelets along with its octahedral layer to make a proper sandwich form between silicate tetrahedral layers. The above figure describes about a proper structure of phyllosilicates in 2: 1 Structure format. The Nano Clay belongs to a polymer matrix based solution that should be made 1: 1 format. But Nano Clays and its layer are depending upon different types of structural format to measure the structural data. It can be observed that three main properties are made in Nano clay they are discussed below: Fundamental repeat unit along with its proper height to measure the thickness of layer Gross composition with proper dioctahedrons or trioctahedrons layer Degree of ordering stacking with a proper sequence of layers Phyllosilicates are also called as lamellar silicates that are totally based on different types of bidimensional layers along with its octahedrons property. This property of bidimensional make an interlocked between tetrahedrons by 2: 1 or 1: 1 segment (Hadi et,al; 2015) The main aim of this Nano filler is to invest the improvement of mechanical properties of all solid and liquid particles to make a special effect, referred as Nano Effect. Polymeric is the main form to make a matrix form to improve the mechanical properties of a Nano Particle. The Nano Affect also deeply the influences the polymer metrics as a transition temperature. These properties are controlled by the particular particles along with its nanocomposite format. It is important to make a Nano Effect during a mixing period of Nano Clays polymer. Different types of sol formatting are involving with these types of formatting to make a proper Rheological segment. Laponite is an effective format of clay material that includes Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Several types of blends and polymerises are used to make a proper polymer format. The aims are listed below: It is important to highlight the main important of a polymer melts as well as its blends To highlight the main rheological property with a help of polymeric material to manage a gain fundamental of the entire materials. To manage the importance of whole materials with proper understanding format by suing these types of materials. During rheological investigation it is important to maintain the polymeric effect. It is also important to manage those research formats by accessing the rheological experiments including their challenges and opportunities. Structure based and layered silicate nanoparticle Polymer based nanoparticle are totally based on polymer properties in where the Nano filters are acting as a clay. Those clays are directly affected to the polymer structure that also transferred into three main categories depending upon their nanoclay properties within the polymeric matrix. These clay segments are also depending upon two major components to make a proper structure of Nano cycle. The polymer matrix is totally depending upon the interactions between these two components as well as its layer. The phases of a nanoparticle can be obtained with the help of a polymer matrix to make a proper interaction between the layers of the monocycles that expand mixing qualities. The structure of a polymeric particle is based on different types of nanocomposite that can be obtained by making a proper transaction between the particle layers to increase proportion gap in such a way that there will no more interaction forces applied between the layers. The structure of a nanoparticle has been suited by the mixing properties during a Rheology period. The above pictures describes about the influence property of the modification of a Nano clay segment that is making an interface of the structure of different types of nanocomposite with their mechanical properties. It is easy to determine the graphical format of polymeric based chain on the surface of different types of nanoparticle. The nanocomposites are based on these particles to show the ability of a Rheology process to enhance the mechanical properties. In this report different types of Laponite are used to make a proper production facility (Hadi et,al; 2015). Laponite and its properties Laponite is colloidal segment to expand the performance of a silicate based polymer. Generally Laponite has two main formats one is gel forming grades and another is sol forming grades. There are several types of Laponite are applied in this particular report to make the process effective as per its requirements (Hadi et,al; 2015). The gel forming grades are rapidly changed in water with a proper agitation to make a clear impact of colourless dispersions. To make a proper viscosity the solids are making an interconnection with the electrolyte content of water based segment. at the same concentration Gel forming grades provides 2 % highly thixotropic gel along with its highly concentrated deionised water. On the other hand Sol forming water appears in rapidly water under agitation but these types of grades contain different types of dispersing agents that contain the delay formation of a thixotropic property. A temporary sol grade has ability to build a proper viscosity function during the Rheological function. These types of sol grades are involved with higher grading segments of fluid property that contain shorter ability times. On the other hand Permanent Sols Grades are fully stabilised by the modification process with proper patented agents. This segment is used to make the sols through stable solids up to 30 %. Laponite SL 25 is a proper liquid dispersion that is commercially builds on different types of sol grades about 25 % solids. These materials are generally referred as liquid leporine to make an open sol grades (Hamad, Kaseem and Deri, 2010). Property Benefits Silicate based layer to make synthetic format o High purity solution o Colourless disappearance o Free side abrasives o Expand the quality of mixing Colloidal size and crystal segment o Produce a proper gas format in water to give ultra clear productivity o Rapidly disappear in water without any high shear Inorganic material o Will not able to support microbiological growth o Anti toxic o Non combustible o Free from crystalline silica segment o High temperature It is important to make all the Laponite products accurate as per Rheological process by introducing their structural formation. This process will ensure the optimize formula with its consistency performance as well as developed function. The Laponite grades are totally made by gel format to make the liquid function proper to describe clearly about the gel formatting grades. Structure Rheology relationships for polymer based nanoparticle It is a great combination to make a proper attention towards the polymeric structure with proper understanding that will make an accurate polymer nanocomposite as well as demonstrate their effects. These effects are measured by polymer based structure as well as rheological properties. Different types of Nanoparticle are mixed up with Nano clays to make a proper polymer matrix that occurs within Rheological segment. The Rheological property is totally based on Nanocomposite and they are influenced through their macroscopic structure within component requirements. It is important to measure the Rheological segment under a molten state to increase the speed of shear viscosity (Hadi et,al; 2015). The above figure is providing about the frequency response depending upon of G (a) and G (b) for both Laponite based Nano composites. This frequency propagation is made in presence of both amounts of Laponite Particles. From the figure it can be observed that different Laponite has several types of frequency responses which can increase or decrease the Rheological property of any Nano Particle. Their results can be measured from their storage modulus segment that is G and loss modulus G including their complex viscosity. These complex viscosities are fully affected by its concentration. This figure is illustrated bellow. The above figure is represents the frequency variance for G (a) as well as G (b) along with their viscosity (c). These types of nanocomposite are deeply based on various amount of polymeric structure. Polymer based Nano particles can be achieved through different scattering techniques along with small range of spectroscopic investigation. These types of techniques are based on thermal analysis to provide a quantitative as well as accurate representation to maintain Rheological property. It is important to make Gel formation with proper formation of Laponite segments to make a Rheological configuration. To make proper sol dispersion the experiment should concentrate at 15 % to 25 % mixing with solid mechanical stirrer. Laponite S482 material must be added with a single dose forming over a period of 30 seconds. The mixer speed should be produced at a solid content that cause all the enough power to fulfil the water solidest without any clumps. The solidest contents must apply over 20 % falling case to increase the viscosity of mixture within a few minutes. Advantage of Matrix based Polymer nanocomposite Nano composites are the main function to make a mixture appropriate as per its requirements. It is important to make the mixture proper with accurate composites that should be produced through different types of Laponite segments. Sols of Laponite should be prepared with accurate grade supplied concentrated dispersion. It can be observed different types of advantages are available for matrix based polymer they are discussed below: The Nano composite has higher performance to build a particle for fuel saving. These saving methods have excellent strength feature that can be achieved by different types of composite materials. Laminate patterns should be observed through this matrix based polymer with proper mechanical property. It is easier to accomplish a superior performance by making a drag reduction for a smooth surface. This surface can be made through different types of manufacturer operation as well as its modulus characteristics. The counting segment of Part can be reduced with matrix based polymer based nanoparticle. The Nano particle offers different types of resistance to make the mixture excellent. The chemical and damaging compositions are developed to deal with this structure to make the system perfect. Polymer Melts Polymer melts has been made during Rheology segment to make the polymer solution perfect. It is important to maintain the molten state to gain the basic fundamental idea of polymeric behaviours. This is done as because the rheological behaviours are deeply influenced by the polymer structure along with its interfacial characteristics. The Rheology of polymer melts is fully dependable upon its polymer structure along with Laponite segment. The source material are analysed by their mechanical properties to measure the mixture parameters. The relaxations of polymer stress are measured by different modulus proper of a material. By applying a proper technique it is easy to determine the lubricated melted polymer melts (Hadi et,al; 2015). Polymer Blends The polymer blends are used to enhance the interest of polymer melts within its requirements that are directly related with the polymer activities. The polymer activities will enhance the performance of Rheological performance with advance performance that is based on well known products on their phase behaviour. Polymer blends are totally based on rheological performance to make the mixture perfect as per its requirements along with its different types of crystalline polymers. Polymer blends has the ability to control interface bonding with proper structural format. On the other side the polymer blends will also able to control morphology by using reactive polymer segment (Thomas, 2012). Vital Types of Multi-Phase Polymers: Compounds and Blends The polymer effect cannot make a mix up segment with each polymer properties for a large number of studies as because different types of polymer materials are involved in a polymeric. It can be seen that polymer materials has different types of physical properties to make an effective mixture in Rheology department. The Rheological segment is directly combined with polymeric portion with phase separated polymers. Different types of polymer blends are varied with several polymeric combinations to make the rheological process effective along with its proper structure. It can be observed that polymeric materials are involved for both academic and industrial interests. The main difference of polymer blends is their behaviour with each other. The main advantage of this segment is to make the combination effective with multi surface modification of Laponite material along with their physical properties that can be modified and controlled with reactive technology. The polymeric technology i nvolves different types of compositions to make the system effective with proper impact modifier as well as its blends (Thomas, 2012). Chapter 2: Polymer Nano-composites based on Laponite and poly Introduction In this segment different types of Laponite as well as its clay are used to make an experiment. PEO or Aldrich is also used in this segment to receive its molecular segments. The normal weight of PEOs were 2 * 10 ^5, 3 * 10 ^5, 6 * 10^5 and 9 * 10^5 g/mol. It is essential to take proper material to make a perfect experiment within requirement property. Viscosity is an important segment in this particular measurement to find the z-average square radius of gyration of the entire PEOs along with its measurement properties. The normal average of this Nano composite is Mw 6 10^3 g/mol in water section at a rate of 250 C. This report can be represented as Ã… ¾ = 4.33 * 104 Mw 0.679 (dl/g) and S2 = 4.08 1018 M 1.16 w (cm2). C * =3Mz/ 4 * 3.12 * NA (S2) * 10^ 2 (w/v) The above figure represents Z average along with its proper radius of gyration of the PEOs material that is tied up with overlap concentration. This concentration is made through the above equation. Laponite RD, RDS and JS have made a combination to prepare a penetration along with its thickened composition. The compositions are made with exact surface along with oriented segment. Here substantially perpendicular is used to control the experimental procedure that means within 20 % from perpendicular the metal is focusing to each other. It can be observed that Laponite RD is a free flowing silicate layer that has a bulk amount of density about 1000 Kg/m3 including its surface area 370m2/g. The pH of the metal should have a limit approximately 2 % of the entire suspension in water. The weight of the composite is basically 59.5 % Si02, 27.5% MgO, 0.8% Li20, and 2.8% Na20. These are the perfect combination to make a valuable mixture. Laponite RDS are also used here to make a synthetic la yered silicate along with its bulk density of 1000kg/m3. The Rheological process should be making within proper requirements by sufficient Laponite stock solution with a dissolving power 1.5 g in 100 ml of water. The water should be used distilled for few days to get exact result (Thomas, 2012). The mixture should be perfect through Laponite and PEO along with accurate adding of PEO stock at a temperature 240 c. This concentration should be made for Laponite segment with its tree proper section such that RD, RDS and JS including PEO. The mixtures were varied at a range of 1.0 to 1.88 % (w/v) and 0.065 to 0.47 (w/v) randomly. To make a proper mixture solution the mixture should be kept 1.5 % Laponite metal and 0.30 % (W/v) with PEO. 2ml PEO stock should be added in the mixture with proper test tube to make a perfect solution. The mixture volume should be completed to 10 ml with accurate distilled water. Mw (g/mol) S2 1/2 z (nm) c (%, w/v) 2 10^5 24 0.6 3 10^5 30.3 0.47 6 10^5 45.4 0.27 9 10^5 57.4 0.2. The above table gives a presentation about the molecular weight Mw along with its Z- average radius of gyration to make a overlapping concentration of PEO. This PEO is used by making a combination with the entire penetration of Laponite PEO dispersion. Laponite stock solution can be made in a test tube with proper volume along with 10 ml distilled water. After making a good preparation the particular mixture should be shacked well for 15 to 20 minutes to increase the viscosity. Shaking portion is usually made to prepare the formation of the Gel. Experimental process To measure the relaxation process it is important to shake gels formed with a proper metal bead of 4.0 mm diameter. This metal should be placed on the surface of the mixture after finishing the shaking segment. The gels are longer and well targeted with shorter relaxation through proper Laponite metal. During mixture segment it is important to use Laponite RDS to make a uniaxial compression that were performed with the shake gels for 15 minutes. During the mixture presentation it is important to measure the mechanical preparation by conducting a thermostatic room with 0.5 0 C. Some key parts are using in this test to increase the gel preparation with a fixed amount of preparation. It is easy to determine different Laponite metals and their efficiency to make a proper Rheological mixture. A fixed amount of shake gel has been made to make the preparation perfect. This preparation is also transferred into a cylindrical vial approximately 56 mm in diameter and its height is about 46 mm. This segment was placed on a digital balance to make the preparation (Thomas, 2012). The above figure describes about a uniaxial compression that has made an apparatus to measure the stress strain compression on shake gels after finishing the gel preparation. From the above figure it can be observed that a cylinder format that is also placed on a digital balance. The load is directly transmitted into this cylindrical segment in vertically. The load is fitted with PTFE at an end plate. The force is acting on the comparator portion of the cylindrical segment. The deformation should be measured in terms of L by using a digital comparator. The digital comparator has been made in IDC type along with a proper digital indicator to make the preparation sensitive about 10 ^-3 displacement. The above figure provides a typical stress strain to shake the Gel samples with a proper PEO concentration about 0.3 %. The Laponite concentration can be measured at 1025, 1038 and 1.50 %. The measurement gave proper reproductive segment that is subjected to the gel formation including formation and deformation less than 5 in. This is fixed type PEO concentration along with Laponite PEO mixtures. The linear relationship will make a slope to make the modulus G of shake gels. The samples were made through proper solution as well as melting compounding segment. This section controls the Laponite particles that were produced with PEO at the initial stage in water to increase the compatibility of those particles along with polymer matrix. It is essential to protect the polymer Laponite polymers that were deeply dispersed by PEO under gentle stirring into deionised water. This water should be kept for 24 hours with a concentration of 1 % mixture. Two different types of solution were mixed with equal proportions and they are kept under adsorption segment for PEO portion about 10000 terms. This is a Laponite particle that should be covered by PEO chains as adsorbed particles. The preparation method can be calculated in terms of volume about 0.1 to 9 % for final Laponite concentration. It is important to measure the Laponite concentration through proper measurement techniques so that it is easy for homogenous mixture. The above solution has proper Laponite segment like RD, JS and RDS to make the preparation perfect that was covered by OPEO chains. To preserve the humongous dispersion it is possible for stabilized suspension to measure its particles with non aggregated particles. The solution should be made with 5 % PEO to make the solution perfect with proper suspension process. Major Laponite particles are quickly frozen with liquid nitrogen for 12 to 18 hours at a rate of -46 degree centigrade. It is easy to make a melt preparation with proper Laponite concentration via an accurate solution that should be considered as a Laponite solution including its concentration for melt interaction. Nanocomposite was directly prepared by Laponite particles with a proper polymer matrix PEO 10000. During a molten stage it is important to use micro computer to retain retaining twin screw operation at 110 temperatures. The absorbed PEO chains are made for perfect concentration with proper counted polymer matrix that is totally based on different types of volume fractions. Rheological measurement is totally tied up with viscoelastic segment with proper PEO measurement that used for stress controlled TA ARG2 rheological segment. The measurements were done with proper Laponite segment at a fixed temperature. The measurements were measured by using proper Laponite particle along with its polymer matrix under oscillatory shear into a linear domain at a temperature of 110 degree centigrade. The sample files were frequently molten within an isothermal range for 5 minutes. The melting temperature of PEO is 110 degree centigrade. It can be seen the viscoelastic properties of the entire Laponite metals are depending upon the flow strategy to make a structural form. The process is simple to complete the micro structural collaboration with the help of polymer matrix formation. The nanoparticles were found in the middle time of micro structural segment. A Rheometer at a frequency of 0.1 rad/s is used to measure the speed of the microstructure collaboration. The data were collected at the end of the mixture with proper equilibration period to solve the required equations. The suspension was made with different types of Clay segment along with its properties to control molar concentration. The basic properties sodium is its pH segment that was also maintained by the Laponite particles. During rheological process the pH level of water is raised about 10 and this segment was controlled by NaOH to provide sufficient amount of chemical sustainability to the particular suspension. The above picture provides an accurate description of a Rheological fragmentation through Laponite materials. From the figure it is seen that a transducer is used to take a proper rheological experiment to give proper output. The pulse receive is used to take appropriate data from the transducer segment. It is essential to measure water circulation of the entire rheological portion so that the designer can able to take accurate source information from the transducer output. Laponite particles are taken to make a proper mixture with six systems to make an accurate concentration. It is important to avoid the loss factor during a rheological experiment. This process can be achieved with the help of carbon die oxide along with its contamination. The free surface of the contamination is used to stop the experimental process by which the ageing time was measured. It can be observed that the storage model was totally independent upon the time and frequency to decrease the frequency of the e xperimental procedure. In the above experiment the Laponite are used in powdered form and these powder form are very useful to make a Rheological product within 0.5-3gm ranges. Laponite is used widely basis as a material based model for its high dispersibility in little water about 20 ml. The resultant product will be in uniform shape of its individual disc shaped platelets. O0. Laponite mixed with 20ml water by slowly adding of 0.1g of Laponite powder. The pH of the water was adjusted to 10 with 1 M NaOH. The prepared dispersion was stirred for 15 to 18 hours in a magnetic mixer at a speed of 1000 rpm. Then the final dispersion was filtered through whatman filter that is totally different with magnetic segment to remove clay segment from large aggolometers. Finally X ray scattering is used at a room temperature to measure the environment of the Rheological experiment for a wide range that measures its vector segment from 0.02 to 5 -1. The particular experiment was measured in a low noise operating segment with 2D glass detector along with a flat image plate for a large angle. Copper rotating anode is using here including magnetic flux to measure the image signal from the rotating anode. The image can be displayed at a high resolution with high flux density. The X ray beam path should be controlled by proper beam photons over 350 micro millimetres including its entire diameter. This diameter is ranged under vacuum to measure nanocomposite pellets to make a solid measurement segment. The PEO channels are omitted through a large scale of angle peaks to measure the process as well as the flux resolutions. Results The above figure represents the main frequency dependable variance with multi measured sample at a high temperature about 110 degrees centigrade. This solution was made with the solution rate along with proper Laponite loadings that has a proper range from 0 to 9.1 weights in percentage. From the figure it can be observed that the storage modulus G is used for closed symbols along with its loss modulus G. These two symbols are used for two different types of modulus such that open and closed symbols. The frequency are taken for different sample periods with proper solution that having different types of Laponite loadings. The viscoelastic segment represents the actual behaviour of measured frequency of the entire Rheological process. G is the perfect standard for pure PEO material to detect the intermediate frequency of a Rheometer for higher frequencies. The Laponite particle has proper elastic segment that becomes higher than G. It is also dependent upon nanocomposite behaviour to measure pure PEO about 10000. The existence of low frequency nanocomposite is suitable for 1 Pa with solid structural connection. The above figure describes about the nanocomposite models perception up to 2 % to make a proper segment. To increase or decrease the network structure it is important to collect the clay sample content beyond 2 % viscosity behaviour. The elastic limit of this measured frequency is greater than previous frequency model. The entire frequency was observed into the rheological process without any polymer structure to set a frequency range about 2 to 5 dB. Some segments are used o measure the slow process of rheological experiment that arranged the structural format of the remaining nanocomposite models. It is important to measure higher filler count of these types of rearrangement filter. To better understanding the designer should use a dissipation model for structural rearrangement with proper nanoparticle segments. The network structure maintains elastic m odel along with its new findings that were compared with viscoelastic response to measure the Laponite segment via melt route. The above figure makes a clear comparison between Tan and frequency of a proper rheological solution for both closed and open symbols at 110 degree centigrade. The figure describes about and its dissipation. The slope is made with low frequency to increase the Laponite segments for an elastic polymer segment. It is important to measure the Laponite relaxation with valid network structure that will disappear during rheological process. The above figure describes about different types of polymer matrix as well as its frequency response to the Laponite segment. The negative slopes go higher to increase the performance level by accessing the elastic polymer of clay network or its structure. The network structure varied for different types of processing routes with sufficient network traffics to manage the magnitude orders. The above figure represents about the variation response along with viscoelastic segment to maintain a response for various scaling points. It is important to maintain the scaling law for both open and closed system compared with Laponite weight for nanocomposite solution route. Modulate (Pa) Exponent of Power law () Solution path (S) Melt Route G0 2.8 0.3 4.1 + 0.2 G 0 2.7 0.25 4.4 + 0.3 The table represents several types power laws that are expected for a proper rheological solution as well as its melt operation system. to make a proper Rheological system it is important to use Laponite PEO particle that will manage the rheological mixture solution. The behaviour of rheological segment also controlled by 0.5 % prepared solution that is very close to a 2 % mixture segment for melt route by obtaining modulus mixture. The above figure stated about the distribution segment as well as its cumulative number during DLS measurement segment. The measurement was done with Laponite powder with 20 ml water and stirred for 16 hours completely. The distribution was made by dynamic light scattering for the entire Laponite suspension. To measure the spin lattice relaxation it is very important to measure the water molecules that absorb on surface of Laponite powder. The PEO Laponite segments are used here to measure the valid concentration segment during the Rheological preparation. Discussion From the above process it can be seen that the connection has been made among the solid particles to maintain the Laponite connection at low frequency. This frequency is highly dependable for Laponite concentration and the process is used for the Rheological preparation. Blend No Components A/B Weight ratio A/B BM1-1 Laponite RDS and JS 52/48 BM0-1 Laponite Rd and JS 64/36 BM1-2 Laponite JS and Water 60/40 BM0-1 Laponite Sl25 and RDS 70/30 BM1-2 Laponite EP twice 60/40 BM2-0 Laponite S-482 and RD 55/45 BM1-3 Laponite EP and JS 75/25 BM2-3 Laponite RDS and EP 61/39 BM0-3 Laponite RD and EP 60/40 The above table represents different types of blends and its use in Rheological segment to analyse the rheological process. It is important to measure components ration that were using into a rheological process to measure its efficiency. This is the perfect table to measure the blend process that is also used in Rheological process for different types of concentration. The melt is also prepared for several types of concentration to switch Laponite EP particle within its rheological behaviour. The structural variation can be seen with small angle including X-ray scattering data to control the sample file. The structural variations are deeply dependent on different types of particle concentration to prepare the perfect rheological solution. From the SAXS data it can be observed that those particular data are independently focusing on larger scale with probable X-rays formation (Chen and Zhang, 2011). The SAXS data can be achieved by making a proper debut with Laponite as well as PEO p article. The suitable PEO can be made between separated particles and non addressable particles would make a static scattering techniques process. this concept is very clear to make a proper segment as well as schematic representation of the entire nanocomposite particles to make a rheological segment. the schematic representation is possible to make a melt processing modulus with high particle concentration that can be associated with a high modulus phase. The above figure is a schematic representation for different analogous blend behaviour that is suitable for melted prepared sample. This sample file can be obtained by measuring the variance of different types of concentration of solution to make dispersed particles. The schematic diagram has ability to make a polymer blend behaviour that will also explain for a prepared solution by obtaining the solution (Chen and Zhang, 2011). Rheological properties importance for developing phase structure The properties of the components of the two-phase system directly influences over the property of the overall two-phase system. Along with the individual properties, the way the discrete droplets of phase are distributed over the matrix phase that is continuous, also impacts up on the behaviour of the overall phase (Hadi, Hamzah and Rodhi, 2015). The shape, size distribution and size also impacts over the overall properties and behaviour of the material. The morphology of the constituent polymers influences the rheological properties of the multiphase systems. The morphology of the overall material depends on the process how the components interact thermodynamically with one another and their flow history. Thus while a multiphase system is being processed it is necessary to understand the rheological properties so that the multiphase system can be designed in accordance with the morphological behaviour of the phase separated states. The average responses like the coalescence of size drops represent the property of the whole system (Vshivkov and Byzov, 2013). Thus it impacts on the standard models of the changes of morphology of polymer blends. In case of the blending with the narrowly distributed size of drops, it is merely correct. In some cases the domain size may differ with respect to the three distinct orders of the magnitudes. In that case the average size is invalid and do not impact on the overall system. A kinetic theory related to the development of the polymer structure was been recently proposed. In this theory, in case of the sharing in steady state situation, the break up coalescence was considered. This theory helps to study and evaluate critical molecular weight that helps to control the multi phase systems rheological properties and make necessary blending of the polymer materials as required. Thus the multi beaded finitely extensible non linear elastic chain polymer melting model can be derives as expected set. The type p of the product that i s being produced must be properly evaluated before making the polymer multiphase polymer substances (Bandyopadhyay and Sinha Ray, 2011). The new theory also helps to find the relation between the flexibility, characteristic length and dimensionless critical weight. There are other studies too that helps to determine the elasticity of the polymer materials with the help of the elasticity tester. This is one of the most important property of the polymers that is requires to be controlled while manufacturing the multiphase polymer. Thus the variation of the structure and the rheological property of the overall system thus the product will be applicable for the different purpose. Actually if a product is manufactured then the product need to be made for some application in the practical field. This is very much important to understand the application and the requirements of the quality of the product. The multiphase polymer is a material that can have different properties in accordance with the style and the process of the manufacturing (Hamad, Kaseem and Deri, 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The construction process is thus carried out so that it can meet the requirements of the applicable area. Hence, the elasticity is controlled while preparing such multi phased product and a desirable product is manufactured so that it can be most appropriate for the applications. The improvement of the electrical property is also required to be carried out with the proper blending process of the phases of a multiphase system. The styrene-butadiene-styrene is one of the important types of polymers which is mainly used for the improvement of the electrical property of the composed polymer material. Different types of the polymer material are also mixed with it for the better result of the product. Thus the rheological property is also important to be determined for the improvement of the product as how it reacts on the different exerted forces. While the polymer materials are being mixed the rheological property also helps to determine how the mixture will be with respect to the techni que undertaken for the process (Bhattarai et al., 2011). While the flow is being occurred it requires to be controlled so that the proper blending can be carried out. At the yield point the shear stress is highly dependent on the temperature and the viscosity is one of the most important controllers of the blending process of one polymer component in to other. The mechanism of the structure breakdown is controlled by the steady state viscosities. The relaxation of the shear stress is required to be done while the flow is being cessed and the situation faces different complexities with respect to the variation of the preceding flow duration, casting solvent and the temperature of the system (HE, YU and ZHOU, 2010). During the process of fibrillating the viscosity as well as the elasticity has a great effect over the process. The viscosity ratio, elasticity effect and the different types of the interfacial properties is required to be taken under consideration. The viscosity ratio var ies with respect to the types of the polymers. The upper bound of the viscosity ratio is also significant and there are no other values called the lower bound of the system in this case. This can be varied for the purpose of the polymer blending for the effective material manufacturing. The importance of considering the stress and strain history of the sample materials while investigation rheological properties The stress strain history is important to be taken under consideration while rheology of certain material is being investigated. The prime five factors of the rheological investigation is the strain, stress, conditions of the geometric boundary, rate of strain and the mode of deformation (Huang, Jiang and Li, 2008). For understanding the materials rheological properties well it is necessary to understand it from two different aspects. One aspect is to measure the amount of deformation that is resulted from the force that is applied. Another aspect is to measure the required force for obtaining a certain deformation. The ratio of the force and the cross sectional area where the force is applied, is called the stress and the obtained or expected changes is called the strain. The strain or rate of strain is also requires to be measured. Again the flow can be classified in mainly two types one of the types of the flow is called the shear flow and other types of flow is called the shear f ree flow. In each of the cases the stress and the rat of strain individually takes different form (Subbu et al., 2015). The situation is directly related with the changes of the micro structure of the system. The micro structural changes have direct impact over the rheological response of a system, thus the system is requires to be formed with a specific style process so that a specific rheological response can be obtained. Thus the application of the polymer material that is made of blending multiple materials is predetermined. The relationship between the micro structural change and the rheological behaviour change can be classified from two aspects. Firstly the Nano-composites microstructure has direct impact over the viscoelastic behaviour and secondly during the transitional state from liquid to solid through the isothermal crystallisation process of the polyolefin over the other rheological behaviours. The study of the rheological behaviour helps to understand the necessities of the property of the polymer (Ivanov, Kotsilkova and Krusteva, 2011). Understanding the rheological factors like the stress and strain helps to predetermine the process of the development of the structure and the evolution of the morphology. Thus the desirable product can be obtained through the whole process of the polymer material manufacturing. Thu the material can have the exact property that is required for the practical and effective application in the practical field. While the assessment of the liquid crystal line polymers with the polycarbonate resin is carried out, the thermoplastic host polymers melting process ability is directly affected. The processing of the polymer is highly influenced by the process and the elongation of the phase helps to make a better processing style for the improvement of the quality of the in accordance with the requirements (Stephan et al., 2006). The morphological dev elopment cannot be obtained through the shear flow but the converging flow is able to extend the phase of the liquid crystal line polymers. There are different techniques that help to develop the process with the different process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The application of the optical microscopy, viscoelastic Rheology and the inverse gas chromatography varies with respect to the different types of the compositions of blending. In case of the homogeneous polymers, it acne be observed that these types of materials melts at the lower temperature. If the temperature is increased the terminal relaxation time and the longer time / low frequency plateau is increased. The variation of the temperature has significant impact over the variation of the morphological behaviour. The process of the morphological development is usually obtained while the system is at a range of temperature limit. It is not dependent on any specific critical temperature. The observation of the specific behaviour can be obtained from the IGC analysis as well as with the help of the optical microscopy in case of such blending process. The different theories analyses the relation between the different properties like the origin of the elasticity or time and temperature superposition. These theories help to determine the process of the controlling the morphology, the manufacturing process, and these theories are mostly derived from the practically obtained results. Thus, all of the rheological behaviour helps to make proper understanding of the factors those impacts over the blending process. The practical analysis of the rheological factors helps to improve the materials through the different process so that the proper quality of the multi-phased polymer can be obtained (Kaneko, Miwa and Nakamura, 2007). The process of the system is also modified with the help of the morphological modification. This helps to make better process with the available equipments in the practical field. Therefore, it is important to study and considering the stress strain history of the sample materials while investigating the rheological factors of a sample. Development of polymer blend Rheology The different types of the research have been carried out so that the improvement of the polymer blend Rheology can be improved with the study. The researchers mainly try to improve the quality of the product and make it suitable to use. A polymer manufacturing process can be improved from different way. Firstly, the product quality can be directly improved and the rheological sturdy will help to modify the morphology of the system. Again, the manufacturing process and the different stages can be modified or extended for the better preparation and quality improvement with the help of the rheological study (Kaseem, Hamad and Deri, 2011). A specific rheological behaviour required to be obtained so that a special property can be achieved n the sample product. The polymer science has a significant part that is called the technology of the polymer blend. Different types o research ahs been carried out specifically in the last thirty years. The advantages of the different types of the exis ting polymer blend are studies so that these can be properly applicable in the practical application. Again, the new development of the new polymeric structure is also carried out so that the better quality for specific requirements in the practical fields can be obtained. The different types of the existing and evolved polymer materials helped to carry out the research and invent new types of the products so that the commercialisation of the product can be carried out from different aspects (Mnstedt, 2011). The new composition of the different monomer or polymer is also improved with the research process. However, the formation of the new polymeric structure is not as suitable to use as the polymer blending. The property of a new polymeric structure is usually constant and cannot be varied. Thus, the new polymeric structures are not as flexible to use as it is in case of the polymer blend. Thus, the current research on the polymer blend is much widespread so that the specific outpu t of the product quality can be obtained with the desirable properties. The process of the synthesizing new polymer structure is also much difficult than the process of polymer blending. In case of the polymer blend required property profile combination is smoothly variable and easily carried out. The process is relatively much less expensive and less time consuming too. The rheological study helps to improve the process of polymer blend so that the better and improved combination of the polymer can be obtained with the easiest way. This not only helps to understand the miscibility nature but also to understand the behaviour of the each phase and the process of the blending. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some of the polymer blends are miscible in nature. These types of polymer blends are very much important to be evaluated for the research process as these have better thermodynamic implications as well as these products are relevant in the commercial processes as well (Pipich, Schwahn and Willner, 2002). The blends can also be carried out with the help of the phase-separated blends. This is very much important in the polymer blend technology as these products have different types of the advantages of property that cannot be obtained from the single-phase blends. In case of the single-phase blends, it is easier to achieve significant mechanical compatibility that is actually the average property of the components of the blend and its difference with the ultimate blended product. The best property that can be obtained from the phase-separated blend is the impact modification. In addition, in case of the immiscible blends, the different properties like the improvement of the rheological factors, resistance, rupture, environmental stress, adhesion, flammability, opacity, performance, cost optimisation can be obtained (Scarpas, 2012). Different research has also been carried out so that the mechanical compatibility can be obtained with the most efficient way in case of the phase separated polymers. This should help it to make better sample of product that will help to commercialise it further. The most important processes of the improvement of the mechanical compatibility are the interpenetrating the polymer networks block or graft copolymers, adding basic or acidic materials, reactive extrusion and adding the interfacial agents of the polymeric substances etc. this area of the research was continuously modified from the different aspects as it was started from the (Zhen and Wang, 2015). The situation was varied as the requirement of the product varies with respect to the different requirements. In case of the engineering polymer blending, it is very much important to commercialise the product so that it can be applicable for the practical applications. The production cost and easier method of the huge production is very much important for the engineering research so that the effectiveness of the production process can be easily obtained (Reid and Sajjaanantakul, 2009). Usually different types of the exiting polymers were been used for the commercial blending process. Among these products, some of the most popular products are the polycarbonate and polyester. one of the latest addition in the engineering polymer research result is the ethylene, carbon monoxide alternating copolymers. The improvement of the rheological study of the polymers helps to predict the different behaviour of the would be polymer product so that the preparation of the polymer can be carried out with the help of the theoretical study. The effort of the study in the practical sample formation is much im proved with the help of the study of the rheological behaviours of the polymers. Opportunity and challenges The use of the polymer blend has high opportunity of forming different type of product materials of different properties. Actually, the scope of the research in this field is very much diverse, as the production of the different items needs different types of combination of property. With the help of the polymer blend technology, it is much easier to manufacture a polymer blend that will meet the exact demand of the application requirements (Cai, Ait-Kadi and Brisson, 2003). The rheological study helps to guide the process of the investigation and invention of the new blend in the ways that is more efficient. The property and behaviour of the material is highly dependent of the product type and the morphology. Thus, the research also has diverse opportunity so that there can be different types of more blends that will be better and more efficient in the practical application. There are different types of challenges that the researchers faces during the process of the blending differe nt polymers. The different types of polymers have different level of sensitivity from different aspects. The property of the polymers differs with respect to the fabrication variations, temperature and time dependent behaviours, non linear behaviour, and difference s of the chemical as well as other physical properties (Sant, Ferraris and Weiss, 2008). The morphology of the components of the polymer blends has significant impact over the property of the blended material. Thus, the anticipation of the blended material can be carried out after understanding the morphology of the components. Desirable products can be synthesised with respect to the requirements. The predicting the product property is not too easy as there can be different obstruction for the changing property of the polymer materials. Analysis must be carried out with eth help of the non-Newtonian fluids continuum mechanics. The rate of success in the production of the materials is very much low as the process of the p redicting is not easy. The polymer rheology study has significant impact on the development of the scopes of the polymer materials. The formulation of the advanced theoretical or mathematical framework for the research study with respect to the property of the different polymer materials is very much important (Scaffaro, 2013). This will also help the further study in these fields. Along with that, the research process will get much relevant opportunities and the efficiency of the research will be enhanced. Thus in the immediate and far future the research have various scopes that will help to make better blends for the practical application in the different polymer industries as well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion and Recommendation This paper is focusing to the major evaluation of different types of Rheological experiments that will able to measure different types of Rheological performance. The measurement has been done through different types of Laponite particle like Laponite EP, Laponite RDS, Laponite RD, Laponite S-482 etc. These are the primary segment of Rheological measurement that has been measured in grams to make a concentration which ranged from 1 to 10 % (W/v). During the experimental procedure several types of concentrations are performed as per their requirements to transfer the data with a 1 ml prepared solution. the solid will make a proper combination with its desired output including nanoparticle behaviour. From the entire report it can be observed that the Laponite segments are used to prepare a solution that measured in terms of grams along with polymer matrix form to maintain the property relationships. This relationship is responsible for rheological behaviour including polymer nanocompos ite by suing PEO-Laponite model system. The viscoelastic structure can be achieved through different filter network that is compared with two different processes via melt processing segments. From the entire report it is also recommended that the behaviour quality of the Laponite particles should improve to provide is accurate result. The behaviour quantity of the particles would expand the polymer blends structure with accurate blends. 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